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First-person shooter (FPS) is a video game genre centered on gun and projectile weapon-based combat through a first-person perspective; that is, the player experiences the action through the eyes of the protagonist. The first-person shooter shares common traits with other shooter games, which in turn fall under the heading action game. From the genre's inception, advanced 3D or pseudo-3D graphics have challenged hardware development, and multiplayer gaming has been integral. The first-person shooter has since been traced as far back as ''Maze War'', development of which began in 1973, and 1974's ''Spasim''. After early, more playful titles like ''MIDI Maze'' in 1987, the genre coalesced into a more wantonly violent form with 1992's ''Wolfenstein 3D'', which has been credited with creating the genre proper and the basic archetype upon which subsequent titles were based. One such title, and the progenitor of the genre's wider mainstream acceptance and popularity was ''Doom,'' perhaps one of the most influential games in this genre; for many years, the term Doom clone was used to designate this genre due to ''Doom''s influence. 1998's ''Half-Life''—along with its 2004 sequel ''Half-Life 2''—enhanced the narrative and puzzle elements.〔〔 In 1999, ''Half-Life''s mod ''Counter-Strike'' was released, and together with ''Doom'' is perhaps the most influential first-person shooters. ''GoldenEye 007'' (1997) was a landmark first-person shooter for home consoles, while the ''Halo'' series heightened the console's commercial and critical appeal as a platform for first-person shooter titles. In the 21st century, the first-person shooter is the most commercially viable video game genre, and has more market share of any other genre in the gaming industry. Several first-person shooters have been popular games for esports and competitive gaming competitions as well. ==Definition== First-person shooters are a type of three-dimensional shooter game, featuring a first-person point of view with which the player sees the action through the eyes of the player character. They are unlike third-person shooters, in which the player can see (usually from behind) the character they are controlling. The primary design element is combat, mainly involving firearms.〔 They are also often categorized as being distinct from light gun shooters, a similar genre with a first-person perspective which use light gun peripherals, in contrast to first-person shooters which use conventional input devices for movement.〔Casamassina, Matt, (Controller Concepts: Gun Games ), ''IGN,'' Sept 26, 2005, Accessed Feb 27, 2009〕 A more important key difference is that first-person light-gun shooters like ''Virtua Cop'' often feature "on-rails" movement, whereas first-person shooters like ''Doom'' give the player more freedom to roam. The first-person shooter may be considered a distinct genre in itself, or a type of shooter game, in turn a subgenre of the wider action game genre. Following the release of ''Doom'' in 1993, games in this style were commonly termed "Doom clones";〔〔(Doom ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica,'' Accessed February 25, 2009〕 in time this term has largely been replaced by "first-person shooter".〔 ''Wolfenstein 3D,'' released in 1992, the year before ''Doom'', has been credited with inventing the genre, but critics have since identified similar though less advanced games developed as far back as 1973.〔 There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, ''Deus Ex'' or ''BioShock'' may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also be considered role-playing video games as they borrow from this genre extensively.〔Perry, Douglass C., (BioShock: Ken Levine Talks First-Person Shooters ), ''IGN,'' September 15, 2006, Accessed February 25, 2009〕 Some commentators extend the definition to include combat flight simulators where the cockpit or vehicle takes place of the hands and weapons.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First-person shooter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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